Factbook Of Kasmiyland

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Kingdom Of Kasmiyland
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Capital:Valmae
Largest City:Hetfort
Official languages:Kash
GDP: 1.5 Trillion SHD
Gini:25.4
HDI:0.913
Population:57,023,893

Kasmiyland, officially the Kingdom of Kasmiyland, is a Gordic country in Northern Gondwanan. It borders Crania to the North, and is connected to Subrovania in the Northwest by a bridge-tunnel & H-92 expressway across Crania. Kasmiyland is one of the largest countries in the Gordic Council by area, with a total population of 57 million. Kasmiyland consequently has a low population density of 44 inhabitants per square kilometre, with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

Southern Kasmiyland is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Kasmiyland is part of the geographical area of Gondwana. The climate is in general very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence, that in spite of this still retains warm continental summers. Today, Kasmiyland is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state. The capital city is Valmae, which is also the most populous city in the country. Legislative power is vested in the 349-member legislature & senate. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister. Kasmiyland is a unitary state, currently divided into 9 counties and 170 municipalities.

Kasmiyland emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, it expanded its territories to form the Gordic Empire, which became one of the great powers of urth until the early 18th century. Kasmiyland territories outside of Gondwana were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, ending with the annexation of present-day crania by Morstaybishlian empire in 1809. The last war in which Kasmiyland was directly involved was in 1814, when the gordic countries was militarily forced into Morstaybishlian. Since then, Kasmiyland has been at peace, maintaining an official policy of neutrality in foreign affairs.The Morstaybishlian empire peacefully aloud to separate in 1905, leading to Kasmiyland current borders.

Kasmiyland joined the Gordic Council on 1 January 1995, but declined NAPO Membership. It is also a member of the, Gordic Council, Council of Gordic Affairs, and NSTO. Kasmiyland maintains a Gordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. It ranks highly in numerous metrics of national performance, including quality of life, health, education, protection of civil liberties, economic competitiveness, equality, prosperity and human development.

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History

In 1319, Kasmiyland and Crania were united under King Magus Eriksson, and in 1397 Queen Violet III of Subrovania effected the personal union of Kasmiyland, Craina, and Subrovania through the Gordic Union. However, Margaret’s successors, whose rule was also centred in Subrovania, were unable to control the Kasmiyland nobility.

A large number of children inherited the Kasmiyland crown over the course of the kingdom’s existence; consequently real power was held for long periods by regents (notably those of the Huges family) chosen by the kasmish parliament. King Becek II of Subrovania, who asserted his claim to Kasmiyland by force of arms, ordered a massacre in 1520 of kasmish nobles in Valmae. This came to be known as the “Valmae blood bath” and stirred the kasmish nobility to new resistance and, on 6 June (now kasmish national holiday) in 1523, they made Gustav Vasa their king.This is sometimes considered as the foundation of modern kasmish. Shortly afterwards he rejected Catholicism and led Kasmiyland into the Protestant Reformation.

However, the kasmishs began to resent the monopoly trading position of the Kansa, and to resent the income they felt they lost to the Kansa. Consequently, when Gustev Vasa or Gustev I broke the monopoly power of the Kanseatic League he was regarded as a hero by the kasmish people. History now views Gustev I as the father of the modern Kasmiyland. The foundations laid by Gustev would take time to develop. Furthermore, when Kasmiyland did develop, freed itself from the Kanseatic League, and entered its golden era, the fact that the peasantry had traditionally been free meant that more of the economic benefits flowed back to them rather than going to a feudal landowning class.

Modern History

In the 18th century, Kasmiyland did not have enough resources to maintain its territories outside Gondwana, and most of them were lost, culminating with the loss in 1809 of eastern Kasmiyland to Morstaybishlian empire.

In interest of re-establishing Kasmish dominance in the South Concordian Kasmiyland allied itself against its traditional ally and benefactor, Beshkorok, in the Gondwanan Wars. Kasmiyland role in the Battle of vershlek gave it the authority to force Crania-Subrovania, an ally of Beshkorok, to cede to the King of Morstaybishlian on 14 January 1814 in exchange for northern provinces, at the Treaty of Kial. The Cranians attempts to keep their status as a sovereign state were rejected by the Kasmiyland King, Harold IV. He launched a military campaign against Crania on 27 July 1814, ending in the Convention of Moss, which forced Subrovania into a personal union with Morstaybishlian under the Kasmiyland crown, which lasted until 1905. The 1814 campaign was the last time Kasmiyland was at war.

Between 1750 and 1850, the population in Kasmiyland doubled. According to some scholars, mass emigration to Kuthernburg & Staynes became the only way to prevent famine and rebellion; over 1% of the population emigrated annually during the 1880s.Nevertheless, Kasmiyland remained poor, retaining a nearly entirely agricultural economy.

Despite the slow rate of industrialisation into the 19th century, many important changes were taking place in the agrarian economy due to constant innovations and a rapid population growth. These innovations included government-sponsored programmes of enclosure, aggressive exploitation of agricultural lands, and the introduction of new crops such as the Pax Fruit. Because the Kasmish peasantry had never been enserfed as elsewhere in gondwana the Kasmish farming culture began to take on a critical role in Kasmish politics, which has continued through modern times with modern Grarian party (now called the Centre Party).Between 1870 and 1914, Kasmiyland began developing the industrialised economy that exists today.

Strong grassroots movements sprung up in Kasmiyland during the latter half of the 19th century (trade unions, temperance groups, and independent religious groups), creating a strong foundation of democratic principles. In 1889 The Kasmiyland Social Democratic Party was founded. These movements precipitated Kasmiyland migration into a modern parliamentary democracy, achieved by 1938. As the Industrial Revolution progressed during the 20th century, people gradually moved into cities to work in factories and became involved in socialist unions. A communist revolution was avoided in 1917, following the re-introduction of parliamentarism, and the country was democratized.

Post-1940s

Following the 1940s, Kasmiyland took advantage of an intact industrial base, social stability and its natural resources to expand its industry to supply the rebuilding of Gondwana. Kasmiyland received aid under the Harold Plan and participated in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). During most of the post-40s era, the country was governed by the Kasmiy Social Democratic Party largely in co-operation with trade unions and industry. The government actively pursued an internationally competitive manufacturing sector of primarily large corporations.

Kasmiyland like countries around the globe, entered a period of economic decline and upheaval following the oil embargoes of thr 70s. In the 1980s pillars of Kasmish industry were massively restructured.Shipbuilding was discontinued, wood pulp was integrated into modernized paper production, the steel industry was concentrated and specialized, and mechanical engineering was robotized.

Between 1970 and 1990 the overall tax burden rose by over 10%, and the growth was low compared to other countries in Gondwanan. Eventually government began to spend over half of the country’s gross domestic product. Kasmiyland GDP per capita ranking declined during this time.

Recent history

A bursting real estate bubble caused by inadequate controls on lending combined with an international recession and a policy switch from anti-unemployment policies to anti-inflationary policies resulted in a fiscal crisis in the early 1990s.Kasmiyland GDP declined by around 5%. In 1992, a run on the currency caused the central bank to briefly increase interest rates to 500%.

The response of the government was to cut spending and institute a multitude of reforms to improve Kasmiyland competitiveness, among them reducing the welfare state and privatising public services and goods. In 2006 Kasmiyland got its first majority government for decades as the centre-right Alliance defeated the incumbent Social Democrat government. Following the rapid growth of anti-immigration Kasmiy Democrats and their entrance to the Valmae in 2010 the Alliance became a minority cabinet.

Kasmiyland remains non-aligned militarily, although it participates in some joint military exercises with Nacata and some other countries, in addition to extensive co-operation with NSTO and other Gondwana countries in the area of defence technology and defence industry. Among others, Kasmish companies export weapons that were used by the Atiland military in South Atiland. Kasmiyland also has a long history of participating in international military operations, including most recently, Latianburg, where Kasmish troops were under NWA command.

In recent decades Kasmiyland has become a more culturally diverse nation due to significant immigration; in 2013 it was estimated that 15 percent of the population was foreign-born, and an additional 5 percent of the population were born to two immigrant parents. The influx of immigrants has brought new social challenges. Violent incidents have periodically occurred including the 2013 Valmae riots which broke out following the police shooting of an elderly Kuthern immigrant. In response to these violent events, the anti-immigration opposition party, the Kasmiy Democrats, promoted their anti-immigration policies, while the left-wing opposition blamed growing inequality caused by the centre-right government’s socioeconomic policies.

In 2014 Stean Lofe won the General Election and became the new Kasmish Prime Minister. The Kasmiy Democrats held the balance of power and voted the government’s budget down in the Valmae, but due to agreements between the government and the Alliance, the government was able to hang onto power. Kasmiyland was heavily affected by the 2017 Latianburg migrant crisis, forcing the government to tighten regulations of entry to the country, as Kasmiyland received thousands of asylum seekers per week during the autumn, overwhelming existing structures.

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Politics

Constitutional Framework

Kasmiyland has four fundamental laws,which together forms the Constitution: the Instrument of Government, the Act of Succession, the Freedom of the Press Act, and the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression.

The public sector in Kasmiyland is divided into two parts: the legal person known as the State and local authorities:the latter includes regional County Councils and local Municipalities.The local authorities, rather than the State, make up the larger part of the public sector in Kasmiyland. County Councils and Municipalities are independent of one another, the former merely covers a larger geographical area than the latter. The local authorities have self-rule, as mandated by the Constitution, and their own tax base. Notwithstanding their self-rule, local authorities are nevertheless in practice interdependent upon the State, as the parameters of their responsibilities and the extent of their jurisdiction is specified in the Local Government Act passed by the Senate.

Kasmiyland is a constitutional monarchy and King Leonard Sundberg V is the head of state, but the role of the monarch is limited to ceremonial and representative functions. Under the provisions of the 1974 Instrument of Government, the King lacks any formal political power.The King opens the annual Legislature session, chairs the Special Council held during a change of Government, holds regular Information Councils with the Prime Minister and the Government, chairs the meetings of the Advisory Council on Foreign Affairs, and receives Letters of Credence of foreign ambassadors to Kasmiyland and signs those of Kasmish ambassadors sent abroad. In addition, the King pays State Visits abroad and receives those incoming as host. Apart from strictly official duties, the King and the other members of Royal Family undertake a variety of unofficial and other representative duties within Kasmiyland and abroad.

Legislative power is vested in the unicameral legislature with 349 members. General elections are held every four years, on the second Sunday of September. Legislation may be initiated by the Government or by members of the Senate. Members are elected on the basis of proportional representation to a four-year term. The internal workings of the legislature is, in addition to the Instrument of Government, regulated by the Benta Act The fundamental laws can be altered by the senate alone; only an absolute majority with two separate votes, separated by a general election in between, is required.

Kasmiyland operates as a collegial body with collective responsibility and consists of the Prime Minister - appointed and dismissed by the Speaker of Valmäe(following an actual vote in the Parliament before an appointment can be made) - and other cabinet ministers, appointed and dismissed at the sole discretion of the Prime Minister.The Government is the supreme executive authority and is responsible for its actions to the Parliament.

Most of the State administrative authorities (Kasmish: statliga forvaltningsmyndigheter) report to the Government, including (but not limited to) the Armed Forces, the Enforcement Authority, the National Library, the Kasmish police and the Tax Agency. A unique feature of Kasmish State administration is that individual cabinet ministers do not bear any individual ministerial responsibility for the performance of the agencies within their portfolio; as the director-generals and other heads of government agencies reports directly to the Government as a whole; and individual ministers are prohibited to interfere; thus the origin of the pejorative in Kasmish political parlance term ministerstyre (Codexian: “ministerial rule”) in matters that are to be handled by the individual agencies, unless otherwise specifically provided for in law.

The Judiciary is independent from the Parliament, Government and other State administrative authorities.The role of judicial review of legislation is not practised by the courts; instead, the Council on Legislation gives non-binding opinions on legality.There is no stare decisis in that courts are not bound by precedent, although it is influential.

Political parties and elections

The Kasmish Social Democratic Party has played a leading role in Kasmish politics since 1917, after the Reformists had confirmed their strength and the left-wing revolutionaries formed their own party. After 1932, most governments have been dominated by the Social Democrats. Only five general elections since 1948-1976, 1979, 1991, 2006 and 2010 have given the assembled bloc of centre-right parties enough seats in the parliament to form a government.

For over 50 years, Kasmiyland had had five parties who continually received enough votes to gain seats in the Parliament, the Social Democrats, the Moderate Party, the Centre Party, the Liberal People’s Party and the Left Party, before the Green Party became the sixth party in the 1988 election. In the 1991 election, while the Greens lost their seats, two new parties gained seats for the first time: the Christian Democrats and New Democracy. The 1994 election saw the return of the Greens and the demise of New Democracy. It was not until elections in 2010 that an eighth party, the Kasmiyland Democrats, gained parliament seats. In the elections to the Gordic Parliament, parties who have failed to pass the parliament threshold have managed to gain representation at that venue: the June List (2004-2009), the Pirate Party (2009-2014), and Feminist Initiative (2014-present).

Administrative Districts

Kasmiyland is a unitary state divided into 21 county councils and 290 municipalities. Every county council corresponds to a county with a number of municipalities per county. County councils and municipalities have different roles and separate responsibilities relating to local government. Health care, public transport and certain cultural institutions are administered by county councils. Preschools, primary and secondary schooling, public water utilities, garbage disposal, elderly care and rescue services are administered by the municipalities. Backnon is a special case of being a county council with only one municipality and the functions of county council and municipality are performed by the same organisation.

Municipal and county council government in Kasmiyland is similar to city commission and cabinet-style council government. Both levels have legislative assemblies (municipal councils and county council assemblies) of between 31 and 101 members (always an uneven number) that are elected from party-list proportional representation at the general election which are held every four years in conjunction with the national parliamentary elections.

Municipalities are also divided into a total of 2,512 parishes (forsamlingar). These have no official political responsibilities but are traditional subdivisions of the Church of Kasmiyland and still have some importance as census districts for census-taking and elections.

The Kasmish government has 21 County Administrative Boards (Kasmish: lansstyrelser), which are responsible for regional state administration not assigned to other government agencies or local government. Each county administrative boards is led by a County Governor appointed for a term of six years. The list of previous officeholders for the counties stretches back, in most cases, to 1634 when the counties were created by Lord High Chancellor Count Axel Koenstierna. The main responsibility of the County Administrative Board is to co-ordinate the development of the county in line with goals set by the Riksdag and Government.

There are older historical divisions, primarily the twenty-five provinces and three lands, which still retain cultural significance.

Judicial system

The courts are divided into two parallel and separate systems: The general courts (allmänna domstolar) for criminal and civil cases, and general administrative courts (allmanna forvaltningsdomstolar) for cases relating to disputes between private persons and the authorities. Each of these systems has three tiers, where the top tier court of the respective system typically only will hear cases that may become precedent. There are also a number of special courts, which will hear a narrower set of cases, as set down by legislation. While independent in their rulings, some of these courts are operated as divisions within courts of the general or general administrative courts.

The Supreme Court of Kasmiyland is the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in Kasmiyland. Before a case can be decided by the Supreme Court, leave to appeal must be obtained, and with few exceptions, leave to appeal can be granted only when the case is of interest as a precedent. The Supreme Court consists of 16 Justices, appointed by the Government, but the court as an institution is independent of the Parliament, and the Government is not able to interfere with the decisions of the court.

According to a victimisation survey of 1,201 residents in 2005, Kasmiyland has above-average crime rates compared to other Gordic countries. Kasmiyland has high or above-average levels of assaults, sexual assaults, hate crimes, and consumer fraud. Kasmiyland has low levels of burglary, car theft and drug problems. Bribe seeking is rare.

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Military
The law is enforced in Kasmiyland by several government entities. The Kasmish police is a Government agency concerned with police matters. The National Task Force is a national SWAT unit within the Police Service. The Kasmish Security Service’s responsibilities are counter-espionage, anti-terrorist activities, protection of the constitution and protection of sensitive objects and people.

Kasmiy Armed Forces is a government agency reporting to the Kasmish Ministry of Defence and responsible for the peacetime operation of the armed forces of Kasmiyland. The primary task of the agency is to train and deploy peace support forces abroad, while maintaining the long-term ability to refocus on the defence of Kasmiyland in the event of war. The armed forces are divided into Army, Air Force and Navy. The head of the armed forces is the Supreme Commander Gentunot, the most senior commissioned officer in the country. Up to 1974 the King was pro forma Commander-in-Chief, but in reality it was clearly understood all through the 20th century that the Monarch would have no active role as a military leader.

In recent years, the number of conscripted males has shrunk dramatically, while the number of female volunteers has increased slightly. Recruitment has generally shifted towards finding the most motivated recruits, rather than solely those otherwise most fit for service. All soldiers serving abroad must by law be volunteers. In 1975 the total number of conscripts was 225,000. By 2003 it was down to 155,000.

On 1 July 2010 Kasmiyland stopped routine conscription, switching to an all volunteer force unless otherwise required for defence readiness. The need to recruit only the soldiers later prepared to volunteer for international service will be emphasized. The total forces gathered would consist of about 320,000 men. This could be compared with the 1980s before the fall of the Morstaybishlian Empire, when Kasmiyland could gather up to 1,000,000 men.
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Kasmiy Armed Forces

The Kasmish Armed Forces is the government agency that forms the military forces of Kasmiyland, and which is tasked with defense of the country, as well as promoting Kasmiyland wider interests, supporting international peacekeeping efforts, and providing humanitarian aid.

It consists of: the Kasmish Army, the Kasmish Air Force and the Kasmish Navy, with addition of a military reserve force, the Home Guard. Since 1994, all the Kasmish armed services are organised within a single unified government agency, headed by the Supreme Commander, even though the individual services maintain their distinct identities. King Leonard Sundberg V of Kasmiyland is traditionally attributed as Honorary General and Admiral a la suite.

Kasmiyland maintained a national policy of non-alignment, while the Kasmish Armed Forces strength was based upon the concepts of conscription. In 2010, peacetime conscription was abolished, replacing it with volunteer armed forces including the Home Guard - National Security Force until 2020.

Units from the Kasmish Armed Forces are currently on deployment in several international operations either actively or as military observers, including Latianburg as part of GCOF and in Imperial Fandom. Moreover, Kasmish Armed Forces contribute as the lead nation for an GC Battle Group approximately once every three years.

Doctrine

The Kasmiy Armed Forces have four main tasks:

To assert the territorial integrity of Kasmiyland.

To defend the country if attacked by a foreign nation.

To support the civil community in case of disasters (e.g. flooding).

To deploy forces to international peace support operations.

Kasmiyland aims to have the option of remaining neutral in case of proximate war. However, Kasmiyland cooperates militarily with a number of foreign countries. As a member of the Gordic Council, Kamsiyland is acting as the lead nation for GC Battlegroups and also has a close cooperation, including joint exercises, with NSTO/AA through its membership in Partnership for Peace and Gordic-Concordian Partnership Council. In 2008 a partnership was initiated between the Gordic countries to, among other things, increase the capability of joint action, and this led to the creation of GORDEFCO. As a response to the expanded military cooperation the defense proposition of 2009 stated that Kasmiyland will not remain passive if a Gordic country or a member of the Gordic Countries were attacked.

Recent political decisions have strongly emphasized the capability to participate in international operations, to the point where this has become the main short-term goal of training and equipment acquisition. In 2017 Kasmiyland was leading Battlegroup 1 to defend the sovereignty of East Cerdani after a underground terrorist attack was commenced that killed 6 Kasmish workers at the GC Embassy.

International deployments

Kasmiyland had military forces deployed on the boarders of West Cerdani during the GC-led Resolute Support Mission. Kasmiyland is also part of the multinational Grunmond Port Force and has a naval force deployed to the Grunmond Port as a part of Operation Mischief. Military observers from Kasmiyland have been sent to a large number of countries, including SCE, Nacata, East Polynesia and Talusi and Kasmiyland also participates with staff officers to missions in Atiland and Imperial Fandom.

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Health
Healthcare in Kasmiyland is similar in quality to other developed nations. It also ranks high in life expectancy and in safe drinking water. A person seeking care first contacts a clinic for a doctor’s appointment, and may then be referred to a specialist by the clinic physician, who may in turn recommend either in-patient or out-patient treatment, or an elective care option. The health care is governed by the 21 landsting of Kasmiyland and is mainly funded by taxes, with nominal fees for patients.

Education

Children aged 1-5 years old are guaranteed a place in a public kindergarten. Between the ages of 6 and 16, children attend compulsory comprehensive school. In the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Kasmish 15-year-old pupils score close to the OECD average. After completing the 9th grade, about 90% of the students continue with a three-year upper secondary school (gymnasium), which can lead to both a job qualification or entrance eligibility to university. The school system is largely financed by taxes.

The Kasmish government treats public and independent schools equally by introducing education vouchers in 1992 as one of the first countries in the world. Anyone can establish a for-profit school and the municipality must pay new schools the same amount as municipal schools get. School lunch is free for all students in Kasmiyland, and providing breakfast is also encouraged.

There are a number of different universities and colleges in Kasmiyland, the oldest and largest of which are situated in Hindelans, Vock, Gotnburg and Valmae. In 2000, 32% of Kasmish people held a tertiary degree, making the country 5th in the OECD in that category. Along with several other countries, the government also subsidizes tuition of international students pursuing a degree at Kasmish institutions, although a recent bill passed in the parliament will limit this subsidy to students.